Electric lighting.



J. B. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I, 19|0. RENEWED FEB. 16.1916.

1 1 98,857. Patented Sept. 19,1916.

H SHEETS-SHEET I.

'0 WITNESSES Y [N VENTOR M E W 4% A (lorney J. 8. LEE. ELECTRIC ucmmc.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7. I910- RENEWED FEB. 15,!9l6

PatentedSept. 19, 1916.

l I SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR WITNESSES In: mun": runs 6a.. Imam-ma, vuummun. n. c

J. B. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

APPLICATION mm MAR. 7. I910. RENEWED" fEB. I6. 1916.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

H SHEETS-SHEET 3.

M RN 5 Qh 7 @Q 9% m Q3 WITNESSES m: non-s I'E'rnu co. I namumo. wAsmNcmu. 0. c

1. 8. LEE.

ELECTRIC usmmc. APPLICA TION FILED "AR- 71 I910- RENEWED FEB- 16,1916- 11 98,857 Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

H SHEETS--SHEET 5.

N VE N T OR Allorney WITNESSES mm s Pin-Rs m r-wnm urna wlsnmawn. o. c

J. 8. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR; 7. I910 RENEWED FEB- 16. l9l6.

Patented Sept 19, 1916.

H SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Rs cm. nncm-urua. wAsmucmu. o. c.

J. B. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

APPLICATION man MAR-7.1910- RENEWED FEB. 16,1916.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

H SHEETS-SHEET I.

NM EN 9 MN N *3 SNL m m H m Md fiw @@@@-W@@@ w W N V/ i I mm MW 1 E w V/s EE .E.. EJFFEKIE o \NAMMH wNHF fiv i 5 0% MW hr m i E WW 2%. gm WNWMQN J. B. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

APPLICATION r1150 MAR. 7. 1910. RENEWED FEB. 16, l9l6.

1 198 857. PatentedSept. 19,1916. H SHEETS-SHEET B.

N R FE] R j/ R V .MOOOOOOOOOOOOH QQQQQQQQQ Q w s 3 1 u- 11 1 "A 3 Ill 5q [I 2 Q N s x n N w 1 is: R

F 1 1 i l I *2 fig I \D "-1 x Q i I: a i :1 a; 13:: 1

I Li I: 8

WITNESSES W INVENTOR My! A 110mg m: :vonms PETER-s co" I'Momunu/ wuumcmmn. c

J. B. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING. APPLICATION FILED 0AARf7. IMO-RENEWED FEB. l6, me.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

II SHEET$SHEET 9.

[N VEN T 01? M%& V Af/ormy J. B. LEE

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

A4PPL|CATION FILED MR. 7. 1910. RENEWED FEB. 16,!9l6.

[N VEN T OR Allorney Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

ll SHEETS-SHEET 10.

WITNESSES mp: Nun!!! pnuu can nwmuma. wuumc You, :1 c.

J. B. LEE.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR- 7. 1910- RENEWED FEB. 16,1916.

1,198,857. I Patented Sept. "19; 1916.

I SHEETS-SHEET Il- WITNESSES INVENTOR I I6. &

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES B. LEE, 0E SAVANNAH, GEORGIA.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

Specification of Letters Patent. P t t d Se t. 19, 1916.

Application filed March 7, 1910, Serial No. 547,803. Renewed February16, 1916. Serial No. 78,785.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMEs B. LEE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Savannah, in the county of Chatham and State of Georgia,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric Lighting, ofwhich the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawing.

My improvement relates to electric lighting apparatus in which aplurality of electric lamps are arranged near each other to form a lightfield any portion of which may be illuminated for the forming of aletter, figure, picture, arbitrary sign, or other representation, suchlamps being connected by electrical conductors'with circuit-closingmechanism for manually or automatically and temporarily closing thecircuits for the lamps standing in proper position to form such letter,figure, picture, sign, or other representation.

The lamps may be arranged in a single field for successively presentingonly one such character or representation, or there may be a pluralityof such fields arranged adjacent each other in the range of vision of aperson at a suitable distance, and so that a number of representationsmay be simultaneously made, one in each of said fields. In the drawingshereinafter described a plurality of such fields are shown, each beingformed within a rectangular frame, so that at the same time the variousletters of a word or a succession of words may be presented, one letterin each field.

The circuit-closing mechanism is adapted for automatic operationfor therapid successive forming of a large number of letters or words or otherrepresentations, the circuit-closing mechanism being set in what may betermed, magazine form, for the successive production of such charactersor representations.

The circuit-closing mechanism comprises a member providedwith aplurality of contact lines, the contact places of each line conformingto the lamps to be illuminated for the forming of one of the charactersor representations which is to be produced by the corresponding lightfield, and there is a group of brushes corresponding to the number oflamps in the field to which said circuit-closing apparatus is applied.Said contact member and said brushes are relatively movable to ard. andfr m each other, or i a direction transverse to the face of said contactmember, for the making and break mg of engagement between said brushesand said contact places, and also in a direction parallel to the face ofsaid contact member for bringing different contact lines opposite saidgroup of brushes. And there is a mechanism for effecting thislast-mentioned movement; and acting in opposition to such movingmechanism is a stop mechanism comprising a stop form adapted to limitsaid moving mechanism to various distances adapted to bring any one ofthe various contact lines and the group of brushes opposite each other.Other mechanism is used for effecting the movement of said contactmember and said group of brushes relatively toward and from each other.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation showing a lightfield arranged in a frame and showing alongside of said frame four othersmilar frames each adapted to receive one light field; Fig. 2 is a planof the apparatus shown by Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an upright section on theline 8-3 of Fig. 1, looking toward the left; Fig. 4 is a section on theline 4 4: of Fig. 3, looking toward the left; Fig. 5 is a sectional viewof one of the circuit-closing cylinders and the housing for suchcylinder; Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 5; Fig. 5 is ahorizontal section just above the cylinder in Fig. 5; Fig. 6 is asection on the line 66 of Fig. 5; Fig. 6 'is a section on the line 66 ofFig. 6; Fig. 6 is an enlarged detailview taken from Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is asection on the line 77 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a section on the line 77 ofFig. 5; Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the apparatus used for turning thecontact cylinder in its forward direction; Fig. 9 is a plan of a portionof the apparatus shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 9 is a section on the line 99 ofFig. 9, looking toward the left; Fig. 10 is a plan of the apparatus inthe lower left hand portion of Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is a side elevation of astop-form carrying belt and mechanism for supporting said belt; Fig. 12is another elevation of the same mechanism; Figs. 13 and 14 are detailsof the hinge by which the sections of said belt are joined to eachother; Figs. 15, 16, and 17 are detail views illustrating one of thestop bar holders; Fig. 18 is a plan of one of the stop bars, a portimebe ng broken away; Fig. 19 is a secti n on the line l919 of Fig. 18;Fig. 20 is a detail view of a portion of the stop form escapementmechanism; Fig. 21 is a detail sectional elevation of an auxiliaryapparatus; Fig. 21 is a rear elevation of a switch shown in Fig. 21;Fig. 22 is a sectional plan of the apparatus shown in Fig. 21; Figs. 23,24, 25, and 26 illustrate a modification of the contact mechanism;Fig-27 is a transverse section of one form of the contact cylinder; andFig. '28 is a diagrammatic view showing the manner of transmitting powerto the contact cylinders.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, A

is a light field, 'one such field'being in eleva-' tion in the left handportion of Fig. 1, ten" such fields being in plan in 'Fig. 2, two be-"'form a portion of a larger pictorial representation.

The frames shown by Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, are double, two framesbeing opposite and parallel to each other and joined to each other bycross bars, A", and each frame being adapted to support a light fieldfacing away from the light fieldsupporte'd by the other such frame. Saidframes are duplicates, and the light fields are duplicates. Hence adescription of one such frame and the light field supported thereby andthe mechanisms for operating such field'will serve as a description ofall the frames and light fields, excepting that it must be pointed outhow a portion of such mechanisms are operatively connected with aplurality of 'the'fields. Each such frame is designated by A and isshown rectangular and'having elbows, A at the corners. In the"form'shownin the drawings, the width of the frame is to the length thereof as 5 isto 7. This permits 'dividing the space within said frame into fiveupright rows and seven horizontal rows of square compartments, A Thesecompartments are in the form of truncated, foursided"pyramids, the basebeing directed toward the frontand there being an opening at the rearinthe planeof truncation, so that wind maypass'throu'gheach of saidcompartments, to reduce wind strain on the apparatus. The walls A, ofsaid compart-' ments are preferably formed of sheet-metal and themeeting edges of adj acent compart ments joined toeach other" in anysuitable 3 manner, as by means of soldering,- so that four corners ofthe frame or field is divided by a partition, A extending obliquely fromthe adjacent end edge to the adjacent side edge of the field, and eachof the middle compartments in the four outer rows of compartments isdivided by two partitions crossing each other at right angles andextending to the corners of the compartment, thus forming in each suchcompartment four subcompartments. The walls of these compartmentsperform two functions, first to limit the lateral range of theillumination and thus aid in giving a definite margin to the figure orcharacter to be formed, and, second, to reflect the light forwardapproximately perpendicularly away from said field."

The group of compartments may be secured to the frame in a variety ofways. The drawings show, for this purpose, upright and horizontal staywires, A, having their endsbent around the frame, A and lying'againstthe outer faces of the walls, A, of the compartments and secured to saidfaces by any suitable means, as, for example, soldering '(see Figs. 3and 4). This construction brings 'such a wire against each outer face ofeach such compartment and brings said compartments into the plane of theframe, a portion of each compartment being forwardand a portion beingrearward of said'plane (see Fig. 4).

Into each compartment and sub-compartment is placed an incandescentelectric lamp, A the base thereof being in or rearward of the rearopening of the compartment or sub-compartment, such rear opening being,preferably, larger than the base of the lamp so that a passage for airis left around the lamp.

The lamps, A are secured to lamp-sup porting bars, A, placed uprightbehind and opposite and at a short distance from each upright row ofcompartments and having their ends secured to binding members, A, whichmembers are also secured to the frame, A Said bars are enlarged wherethey receive the lamps of the sub-divided compartments.

Individual current-conducting wires, A, lead to thelamps, as showndiagrammatically in the right hand portion of Fig. 3. Said wires extendto brushes, B which are arranged to bear upon an upright, insulated,metallic, circuit-closing cylinder, B, having an upright axle, B havingbearings in the top plate, 13 and the bottom plate, B,the top plate, B,being supported on four upright columns, B and said columns resting onthe bottom plate, 13, and the latter having extension plates, B restingon the upper frame cross bars, A, and secured to said bars by U-shapebinding members, 13. (See Figs. 5, 6,7, and 7 Said brushes are arrangedin a row parallel to and adapted to bear upon the surface of thecylinder. A brush, B is mounted upon the bottom plate, B and arranged tobear upon the axle, B of the cylinder, B, (see Figs. Sand 7) and alighting current wire, A leads from any source of generation of saidcurrent to said brush. From the foregoing it will be understood thatwhen any one of the brushes, B is in contact with the cylinder, currentwill flow through the corresponding lamp, A and cause the illuminationof the same. Said cylinder is adapted for rotation to bring differentlongitudinal portions of its surface opposite the brushes, B provisionbeing made, as will hereinafter appear, for placing said cylinder atrest in arbitrarily chosen portions of one complete rotation, suchportions being equal in number to the number of letters in the alphabetplus any other characters to be used in 0pcrating the apparatus (if theapparatus is to be a reading sign). To make up one representation in thelight field, the brushes, B in communication with the lamps which mustbe illuminated for making such representation are to be placed inelectrical contact with said cylinder. In the form shown inthe'drawings, the brushes are so supported as to normally stand awayfrom the face of the cylinder; and the cylinder is formed with aperturesor slots, B into which the brushes may extend Without making contact.(Fig. 5). The face of the cylinder is formed with such slots orapertures in proper positions to come opposite all of the brushescommunicating with lamps which are to remain dark. This involves theplacing of such apertures or slots grouped in rows parallel to thecylinder axis, the group in each row corresponding to the lamps whichare to remain dark during a given representation in the light field.

In the light field shown in Fig. 1, there are fifty-one lamps, and thiscalls for fifty-one brushes, B and fifty-one spaces in each contact linein which there may be (if needed) an aperture for avoiding contact ofthe corresponding brush, in order that the corresponding lamp may remaindark.

Means are provided for allowing all the brushes, B to simultaneouslymove away from the cylinder during each partial rotation of the latter,this being done for the purpose of avoiding friction by the pressure ofsaid brushes upon the surface of the cylinder during such rotation. Butbefore the brushes move away from the cylinder, a main switch onthewire, A iis opened, as

hereinafter described. By first breaking the circuit by the opening ofthe main switch, arcing at the brushes, when the latter leave thecylinder, is avoided. (Figs. 8 and 10).

All the brushes, B are flexible and are mounted by one end upon anupright bar, B, while the other end extends toward the surface of thecylinder. Between its ends each brush extends through an elongatedgroove, B in a deflecting bar, B said groove being on one edge of saidbar, and said bar being hinged on a line extending along its other edge.Said hinge is formed by means of an upright shaft, B, extending by itsupper end into the top plate, 1 above the cylinder and through thebottom plate, B below the cylinder, and having shoulders, B bearingagainst said plates to hold said shaft against endwise movement. On thelower end of said shaft, be low said bottom plate, is a rigid arm, B towhich is connected a horizontal draft or tension wire, 13 By drawingsaid wire toward the right, as seen in Figs. 7 and 7, said arm is movedthrough a limited por tion of its circle for pressing the brushes, Bagainst the cylinder. Said wire is con nected to all the arms, B of thesame row of light fields. And a contracting coiled spring, is applied tothe arm, B for drawing said arm toward the left, as viewed in Fig. 7when pulling on the wire, B ceases. (Figs. 5 to 7*, inclusive).

A main current wire, A leads from any electric generator (not shown) tothe brush, B and short return current wires, A lead from each lamp tothe common return current wire, A, which latter leads to said generator.

An upright housing, B extends around the top plate, B columns, 13, andbottom plate, 13, and rests with its lower edge upon said extensions, BThe function of said housing is to exclude rain, snow, dust,

etc., from the cylinder, B, and the operative parts associatedtherewith. (Figs. 5 to 7, inclusive). Said cylinder, B, has a normal orinitial position of rest. 111 other words,

after each movement into a position for closing the lamp circuits tomake a chosen representation in the light field, the cylinder rotatesbackward to occupy the position from which it start-ed. For this purposea stop arm, 13, carried by the upper portion of the cylinder bearsagainst the shaft, l3. (See Fig. 5 And while the cylinder is in thisposition, all of the brushes, B are to remain out of contact with thecylinder, in order that the entire light field for that cylinder may bedark. For this purpose slots, B are formed in said contact line oppositeall of said brushes. Then. when a represen tation comprising severalwords is to be made, spaces may be formed between the words by leavingthe appropriate cylinders stand at the initial position during therepresentation. Provision is made for this in the stop forms hereinafterdescribed. The cylinder is returned to such initial position by means ofthe coiled spring, 13, one end of which is applied to the upper portionof said cylinder while the other end is applied to a post, I), on thetop plate, 13.

For convenience in description, movement of the contact cylinder awayfrom the initial or normal position will be herein regarded as forwardmovement, while movement toward said position is regarded as rearward orbackward movement, and movement along or in the direction of themechanism from the cylinder to the stop forms is regarded as forwardmovement while movement in the opposite direction is regarded asrearward or backward movement.

The cylinder, B, is turned forward by the rotation of the grooved wheel,B fixed on the lower end of the axle, 13 (Figs'o and 7). The forwardrotation of said wheel is effected by drawing or pulling a cord, C orsimilar windable member away from said wheel (forward), one end of saidcord being secured to and wound around said Wheel and the other end ofsaid cord being secured to and wound around a similar grooved wheel, C(Figs. 8 and 9). At the side of and rigid with the wheel, C is a smallergrooved wheel, C A cord, C is secured to and extends around the wheel,C, and has its opposite or forward end secured to a standard, G on thepiston rod, 0. Said rod rests in a stationary guide, C and extends intoa cylinder, C in the direction of the wheel, C and is there joined to apiston, C, so that driving said piston outward in the cylinder willcause said'standard, C to move' away from the wheel, C Said cylinder,piston, and piston rod constitute .a fluid pressure or pneumatic motor.From the foregoing it will be seen that when said piston and piston rodare driven forward, the standard, C is made to travel. forward away fromthe wheel, C, thereby pulling on the cord, C and unwinding-it from thewheel, C", and thereby compelling the rotation of said wheel and thewheel, C. This results in drawing the cord, C and causing the latter toforce the forward rotation of the grooved wheel, B and the cylinder, B.The piston, G, is driven forward by fluid pressure, as by means of aircoming from any suitable source of supply of compressed air through thepipes, C and C the flow of such air being controlled and timed as willbe hereinafter described. F or the present, let us note that the actionof said compressed air is adapted to drive the piston forward (away fromthe wheel, C and toward the piston rod guide, C until the piston abutsagainst the stop form hereinfter described. The wheels, C and C being ofdifferent diameters, constitute a speed changing device "for changingthe speed transmitted from the piston rod, C. By arbitrarily limiting orstopping the piston rod at various stages of its range of movement, thetrain of members between the piston rod and the cylinder, B, and saidcylinder, C may be correspondingly limited or stopped, the object beingthe stopping of said cylinder, B, in such various positions positionssuited to bringing different cylinder contact lines opposite thebrushes, B

The rotary cylinder, B, with its plurality of contact lines, is ashiftable, i'uultiple, contact member cooperating with the group ofbrushes in the making and breaking of the individual lamp circuits,advance and reverse movements in two courses being involved in theperformance of the function of said contact member and group of brushesin a direction transverse to the face of said contact member and theother of said movements being a relative movement of said contact memberand group of brushes parallel to the face of said contact member,

the former advance movement serving to separate the contact member andthe group of brushes from each other and the latter advance movementbeing a relative shifting of the contact member and the group of brushesfrom the initial position or positions of rest to a position bringing achosen contact line opposite the group of brushes.

Each reverse movement is in the same course as the corresponding advancemovement, but in the opposite direction. And said parallel advancemovement is effected by said fluid-pressure motor; and that is the onlyfunction performed by said motor. It may be said that the function ofsaid motor is to effect relative adjustment of said contact member andgroup of brushes parallel to the face of the contact member. As alreadyherein described, the reverse movement of the cylinder is effected bythe spiral spring, 13

The means (the stop forms) employed for arbitrarily limiting the forwardmovement of the piston rod in response to the air pressure will be nextdescribed. But before entering upon such description, let it be notedthat each of a series of light fields used for a simultaneousrepresentation is provided with such a cylinder and train of membersleading to a similar piston rod and that such piston rod and itscylinder preferably rest parallel to the piston rod and cylinder alreadydescribed, the outer ends of such piston rods being preferably in thesame plane, so that a corresponding number of limiting or stop devicesfor such piston rods may be placed closely to and in alinement with eachother; To facilitate "the bringing of the piston rods closely together,the cylinders are staggeredplaced alternately into two parallel planes,whereby the group of cylinders is made to occupy less lateral space (seeFig. 9), while a portion of the piston rods are off-set to bring theouter ends of I or sections, D which are hinged to each other and are ofthe same length as the distance between the corners or angles of thewheels, D so that while the belt rests by its weightupon said wheels,the sections extending over said wheels will make positive engagementwith the wheels for the driving of the belt when the wheels are rotated.

On the shaft, D is a drum, D upon which is wound one end of a cord orrope, D, and aweight, D is secured to the other end of said rope. Thewinding of the rope around said drum is in the proper direction tosecure rotation clockwise as viewed in Fig. 11, so that the portion ofthe belt at the left, in said figure, will travel upward when saidweight and said cord travel downward. In operation, said weightconstantly pulls downward for such rotation is permitted and resistedalternately by two members which move into and out of the path ofmembers on the belt, such action being similar to the action of theescapement mechanism on a typewriter carriage, and the move ment of thebelt, D, resembles the movement of a typewriter carriage; that is tosay, the belt is moved a short interval and then held stationary, andthen moved another short interval and again held stationary, and so onindefinitely, but not beyond the full unwinding of the cord or rope, D,from the drum, D

The chain or belt sections, D are all alike. Hence a description of onewill serve as a description of all. Each such section consists of a flatrectangular plate having uniform thickness and plane faces (see Figs.

11, 12, 13, 14:, 9, and 8). The meeting edges are hinged to each otherby means of ear plates, D and a pintle, D, the ear plates beingcountersunk as shown in Fig. 14 and secured by screws, D, the meetinginner corners of the section being cut away sufliciently to form achannel to receive the pintle. Each such section has four transverseholes, Di to receive bolts or screws, E from the stop holder, E, saidholder being placed flatwise against the outer face of the section, andsaid bolts receiving nuts, E at the rear of said section. One suchholder is secured to each section and is of the same dimensionshorizontally and vertically as such section, so that each such holderextends closely to the next holder above and below. And around its lowerand side edges,

said holder has walls, E perpendicular to its rear wall, E Each bottomWall, E*, has two series of screw-threaded apertures, E Each suchaperture is deepened by raising the metal around it, as shown in Fig.15. When the sections pass around the wheels, D the nuts, E pass betweensaid wheels and prevent lateral movement of the belt. The holders beingthus close together and provided with only one transverse wall (thebottom wall, E the space within each holder is separated .from the spacewithin the next holder, either above or below, by only the thickness ofone such bottom wall, E*; and since said holder is made of sheet metal,such wall may be thin, as indicated by the drawings.

The dimensions of the chain or belt sections, D depend upon the size ofthe holders, E, and the latter size depends upon the number and size ofstop bars, E to be used. Such number and size may be varied, as willhereinafter appear. Said stop bars are rectangular in cross section, andthe cross sec tional dimensions and the interior dimensions of theholder, E, are such as to cause a certain number of said bars laidhorizontally across the bottom to completely fill the space between theupright walls, E and to cause a certain number of said bars laid uponeach other to completely fill the interior of the holder from the bottomwall thereof to the bottom wall of the next holderin other words, heflush with the upper edges of the holder. Each such stop bar is providedwith two upright apertures, E in proper positions to receive thescrew-bolts, E, and around each aperture is a countersink, E adapted toreceive the head, E, of any such screw-bolt or the raised portion of thebottom wall around the screw-threaded apertures, E The apertures, E insaid stop bars are spaced to bring them into alinement with each otherand with the apertures, E when said bars are placed upon each other inhorizontal and upright rows to the full capacity of the holder, E. hensaid bars are so placed, two screw-bolts are driven downward througheach upright row' of stop bars and screwed into the scre\\"-threadedbottom wall, E the heads of said bolts entering the countersinks in theupper stop bars, and making said heads and the upper faces of said stopbars flush with the upper edges of the holder.

The position of the belt is such as to bring each upright row of stopbars opposite one of the piston rods, C Thus any horizontal row or bankof stop bars may be brought controls one light, field; -Hence,the seriesof light fields representedby the horizontalrow of piston rods will beilluminatedaccording to the forward movements ofthe piston rodspermitted by the horizontal row ofstop bars stop bar at the timestanding infront ofthe corresponding piston rod.

Assuming that v,th'e, representations in the light fields are to beletters, of the alphabet,

the stop bars are made. in twenty-seven graduatedlengths, the longestbar being long H enough to. prevent forw ard, movement. ofthe iiiadjacent piston rod far enonghto turn,the cylinder away from theinitial, positionthe, position forleaving the.,corres ponding lightfield dark. .For the letter, A, of. the

alphabet, the stop bar isshort enough to permit movement of thecylinderfar enough to bring the contactline for,s aid,letter oppositethe row of,brushes, B Tocause illumination in the light.fieldiQJnakejheA -.D arespacedthe sameas the upright spaca i f e.- h p ba ;of saidteeth. are horizontal, while their of the cylinder behind therowofbrushes.

alphabet letter, B, a. stopbar isused eshort enough to permit therotation ofthe cylinder far enough to bring the second contact line Thisis the arrangement, ifthe apparatus is organized vfor placing contactlines of the letters of the alphabet in regular order; on the contact,cylinder (A, B, O, D, E, etc.) but, it .will beunderstood that,thee al,habet might be reversed,.thecontact line or the letter, Z, being placedfirst. And it will also be understood that the ,contact linesfor theletters of the, alphabet need not be in. se-

ries on the contactcylinderybutthat the arjacent belt section. Said hookor. dog may Wbe freed from said teeth by partially rorangement of theletters may be made arbitrarily as they arein a typewriter, keyboardandin the printers case.

The unit of diflerence. ,in. the lengths of the stop bars may be aneighth of aninch, a

quartcrof an inch, or any other, arbitrarily chosen length ,but it willbe understood that a proper relation of dimensions mustbe es tablishedthrough the train of devices from said stop bars to and through.thejcontact cylinder. And it. is to be noted that, inasmuch as thewheel, C islarger than the wheel, C ,,the cord, C, will move fartherthan the corresponding piston rod moves.

.Hence a given variationinthe lengths ofthe stop bars will lead toarelatively larger interval between stopsin the contact. cylinder.

' Thisincrease in movement is recommended because it allowsthe use ofshorter .stop bars in the stop bar forms. 4

The portion of the belt opposite the row or bankof piston rods extendsthroughan l v movemen f l h bars,

upright guide, F, consistingof a back,- F

located a little way. rearward of the adj acent belt section, and aforward-directedside flange, F on each of saidsidepieces, each suchflange being directed toward the other. The side pieces are wide enoughto bring ..said flanges forward; of the front face of the .against thefront. faces of the teeth D ,In-tlns. way.,,forward and rearwardmovement of .the, belt. section is prevented. The.

inne pedges;oftheflanges, F bear against the u-pr-ight. walls,ofthe stopholder, E,

and prevent lateral movementof the belt .section. Furthermore the frontportion of each .corner block, Ft, is shown extendin a .-l. tfl .w yiorwa d betwe n-t e jace e g of the belt, section and the adjacent sidepiece, F of theguide, F, whereby a second means, is ,afiorded forvpreventing lateral movementof thebelt section- The teeth,

The upper faces lo fa s: are obliq lant g o n friom -,tl1e.-.rear,towardthefront. (Figs. 9, 11, 12, and '13).

, Bel,ow.,the,g,uide,' F and. at each side of which is adapted to enterthe space between .two of the teeth, D and prevent theupwardon downwardmovement of the. ad-

tating said rock shaft so as to move said hook,or,dog outward awayfromsaid belt section; At its oppositev end,.said shaft has a. rigidarm,G extendingtoward the path of az cams-G on the reciprocatory bar, G,which is located a little way above the rock shaft, ,G far enough tobringthe forward end of said ibar a little above the upper portion ofthe hook or dog, G

At its rear end, each of thebars, G, is

securedrigidlyto a transverse. rock shaft,

G resting in slide blocks, G which are guided ,on i horizontalfixedrails, G, ,sup-

portedby any suitable stationary means, not

shown. Above. each bar, G is a horizontal pin, G 9, andbelow each such.bar is a similar pin, G Said pins. are supported by .fixed upright,posts, G (see, Fig. 9). I The. distance.,between.adjacent pins, G and G,

is suflicient to allow a limited up anddown ream face, G fislopingdownward from the frpnt toward the rear and ,so positioned. as

to bring the highest portion of said cam face above said pin when saidbar is at its rearward limit. Said cams have the effect of causing thelifting of the free or forward ends of said bars when the latter arepushed forward. The pins, G serve to limit the upward movement of saidbars, G. The forward end of each of said bars has an upward-directed,sloping cam face, G adapted to bear against the lower face of theadjacent tooth, D when said bar is driven forward, thereby forcing saidtooth upward (if it does not move upward by the action of theweight, DAnd said lifting action is augmented by the upward movement'of theforward end of said bar by the action of the cam, G on the pin, G. Thebars, G, and the hook or dog, G are arranged to alternate theirengagement of the teeth, D each entering into the path of the next lowertooth just before the other moves out of such path (Fig. 12)

Coupled to the middle of the rock-shaft, G is a piston rod, G extendingrearward to a piston, G in a cylinder, Gr". By the reciprocation of saidpiston in said cylinder, said rock-shaft and the sliding blocks, G aredriven forward by air entering the cylinder through the pipe, G which isconnected with the pipe, C, (Fig. 8), the

' pipe'frorn which the pipe, C conducts air to the air cylinder, CContracting coiled springs, G joined by their rear ends to said cylinderand by their forward ends to the rock-shaft, G automatically draw saidgroup of parts rearward when the air in said cylinder has been released.

A spiral spring, G surrounds the rockshaft, G and has one end secured tosaid shaft and the other end to one of the bearings, G in such manner asto normally turn said shaft for pressing the hook or dog, G toward theteeth, D and to press the arm, G toward the bar, G, and the cam, G onsaid bar. A screw, G extends horizontally through the upper end of thearm, G, and is adapted to be engaged by the cam, G when the latter movesforward (toward the belt).

\Vhen the bars, G, begin to move forward, the cams, G bear sidewiseagainst the ends of the screw, G and force the latter outava.1'd,whereby the rock-shafts, G are turned enough to draw the dogs, G, out ofthe paths .of the teeth, D But during such forward movement, as alreadydescribed, the bars, G, are moved upward by the action of the cam faces,G, on the pins, G so that the cams, G are raised above the free ends ofthe screw, G allowing each screw, the arm, G and dog, G to move towardthe adjacent bar and the teeth, I), through the action of the spiralspring, G said dog then bearing against the adjacent tooth, D during theupward movement of said tooth, until said tooth has been passed. (SeeFigs. 8, 9, and 20.) Then, by the action of said spiral spring, said dogis driven into the space between said tooth and the next lower tooth. lVhile the bars, B, are being again moved rearward, the forward end ofeach bar, G, rests upon the upper face of the tooth next below the onelast previously engaged, until the bar has been drawn rearward farenough to slip from said lower toot-h. By that time, the cam, G, is farenough rearward to clear the screw, G and drop down behind said screw.

I will turn next to a description of the mechanism used for controllingthe flow of compressed air through the pipes, C and G Adjacent theunction of the pipes, C and G with the pipe, C is an upright worm gearwheel, H mounted on a horizon tal shaft, H resting in bearings, H Theperiphery of said wheel is engaged by a worm shaft, H, which, in theform shown in the drawings, is a continuation of the shaft or axle ofthe electric motor, H. lVhen said motor is in operation, said shaft isrotated so as to rotate said wheel contraclockwise, as viewed in Fig. 8.On one side of the worm gear wheel, H is a stud or pin, H, which iscarried in a circular orbital path by the rotation of said wheel, oneportion of said path being adjacent the junction of the pipes, C and Gwith the pipe C. At a little distance above said unction, a ventedcut-01f valve, C is located in the pipe, C and at about the samedistance below said junction is a similar valve, On the plug of thevalve, 0 is a rigid arm, C, extending into the path of said stud or pin,H; and on the plug of the valve, G, is a similar arm, G also extendinginto the path of said pin, said'last mentioned arm being farther fromthe worm gear wheel, H than is the arm, C, so as to allow the arm, G tooverlap the arm, C to the end that both of said arms may, at times, restagainst the stud or pin, H. A contracting coiled s n-ing, C is coupledto the arm, C to draw the latter upward, and a similar contractingcoiled spring, G is similarly connected to the arm, l. The plugs of saidvalves and said arms are arranged to limit the upward movement of thefree ends of said arms so as to prevent said ends from moving upward outof the orbital path of said pin, H, in order that said pin may, whenapproaching said valves, pass above said ends of said arms and, uponfurther movement, bear said arms downward.

The relation of the plug in the valve, C to the arm, C", is such as tocause the opening of the: .valve when the arm is in the raised position,as shown in Fig. 8, so that air may pass from the pipe, C through thepipe, C and into the cylinder, C Hence pressing said arm downward willcut off said air. supply and vent the air from the cylinders, C Theforward movement of the pin, H, will drive said arm downward until saidpin slips over the free end of said arm. This makes aninterval duringwhich all the piston rods and pistons are. drawn rearward in hecylinders, C stop-form belt escapement or shifting mechanism, comprisingthe dog, G and the bar, G, is to be operated by the opening of thevalve, G in the pipe, G said valve being closed when the arm, G standsin the normal or raised position, as shown in Fig. 8. The opening ofsaid valve is effected by the engagement of the pin, H, with said arm,such engagement being so timed as to take place shortly after theengagement of said pin with the arm, C, the interval between the closingof the valve, C and the opening of the valve, G being sufficient topermit the venting of the air cylinders, C and the return of the pistonsin said cylinders to their rearward or normal position. As will be seenfrom an inspection of Fig. 8, the engagement of the arm, G, by the pin His continued during a short interval after the arm, C has been released.But the arm,

C must not be released until the lower valve has been opened long enoughto allow the air to pass through the pipe, G and drive the bars, G,forward into engagement with the adjacent teeth of the belt, 1); for thethen retracted piston rods must not be allowed to again approach thebelt until the adjacent portion of the latter has been shifted one stepupward. Otherwise some of said piston rods would obstruct .the upwardmovement of some of the stop bars. After its release the arm, G rises,in response to the action of the spring, G, and again cuts oil and ventsthe air from the cylinder, G so that the bars, G, may be again drawnaway from the belt by the action of the contracting coiled springs, Gthe dog, G having entered between two of the teeth, D when the bars, G,reached their forward limit-their full entrance between the teeth, D

As already herein indicated, the brushes B are to be moved away from thecircuitclosing cylinder, B, during each partial rotation of saidcylinder; and the deflecting bar, B has been described as properlyconnected with said brushes for such purpose; and it has been describedthat the tension wire, B is connected with the arm, B for turning saiddeflecting bar. For drawing said wire in the proper direction to causesaid deflecting bar to move away from said cylinder and allow saidbrushes to spring away from said cylinder, said wire is suitably guidedto a point adjacent the worm gear wheel, H (there passing over a groovedguide pulley, B,) to one end of a pawl, H pivoted to a fixed support, H

During such interval the I vinder.

and adaptedto bear upon a cam wheel, H", hav ng a recess, H into whichsaid pawl may drop during the rotationiofisaid cam wheel, said wheelsurroundmg the shaft, H

and the contracting coiled spring, B, at the extreme end of the wire, B,draws said wire in said direction andcauses thcalatterto draw the arm, Bin the proper direct on to move. the deflecting bar, B away from thecylinder, B, allowingthe brushes,

B to spring outward away fromsaid cyl- Upon the further rotation of thecam wheel, H9, so as to bring the recess, H away from, said pawl,thelatter is. forced upward, whereby its opposite end is forceddownward, drawing the wire, B in the proper direction to turn .the arm,B in .the lGVGlSG dlI'GCtlOIl, so as to turn the defleeting bar towardthe cylinder, B, for pressing the brushes against the cylinder.

It will be observed thatthe interval during which the recess, B controlsthepawl is.

short compared with the interval during which the main portion of thecamwheel, H, controls said pawl. Hence the period of illumination of thelight fields is long in comparison with the period of darkness. Saidperiod of darkness should begin a little in advance of the movement ofthe piston rods C, away from the stop bars and should continue untilsaid piston rods have again been returned into, engagement. with thestop bars.

Below the outer end of the pawl, H, (Figs. 8 and 10) are two stationaryswitch contact plates, H secured to the ends formed by a break in thecurrent wire, A leading from the generator to the axle brush, B Oppositesaid plates, H, are two similar plates, H joined to the ends formed bymaking a break in the return current wire, A Attached to said pawl abovesaid plates is an insulation block, H on one side of which is a metallicconductor plate, H, adapted to make contact with the switch plates, Hand on the other side of said insulation block is a conductor plate, Hadapted to make contact with the switch plates, H These membersconstitute the main switch, already mentioned, for breaking the circuitbefore the brushes, B are moved away from the cylinder, B. When said endof saidpawl goes down, the conductor plates are put into contact withthe adjacent switch plates and the circuit is completed. Said end of thepawl is driven downward when the opposite end of the pawl is forcedupward out of the recess, H, of the cam wheel, H and the switch thusformed remains closed until the cam wheel has made one rotation andagain allows the pawl to drop into said recess. It will be observed thatthe wall adjacent which the pawl enters said recess is radial to theaxis of said cam wheel, so that said pawl may drop into said recessquickly, in order that arcing at the switch mav be avoided when it isbeing opened. After the breaking of the contacts at the above describedmain switch there is no more current to pass from the cylinder, B, tothe brushes, B and said brushes may then be allowed to move out ofcontact with the cylinder without arcing. It is desirable that sucharcing be avoided, and the apparatus described is adapted to insure thebreaking of the current a little in advance of the separation of saidbrushes from the cylinder; for the circuit is broken at the switch uponthe first lifting of that end of the pawl, and this occurs beforesufficient reverse movement is allowed to the tension wire, 13, to allowthe release of the brushes through the turning of the deflecting bar, 13And when the circuit is again to be closed for illuminating the lightfield, the wire, 13, must move in the opposite direction for the settingof the brushes into engagement with the contact cylinder by the time theswitch end of the pawl has descended far enough to cause contact betweenthe switch plates. This action can be facilitated by utilizing theelasticity of the wire, 15, and of the brushes.

Referring now to Figs. 8 and 21 and 22, 1 will next describe anauxiliary portion of my apparatus, the function of which auxiliaryapparatus is to make a supplemental representation in a light field orfields (duplicates of the fields shown by Figs. 1, 2 and 35) during aninterval in which a plurality of representations are made in the mainlight field or fields. For example, the series or row of light fieldsalready described may be used for representing reading matter, line byline, relating to a certain subject, and the auxiliary field or fieldsmay be used to present the subject of such reading matter, said subjectdisappearing when the matter relating thereto has been presented by themain group of light fields, and a new subject appearing when othermatter is presented by the main group of light fields. (Er, the main rowor group of light fields may present advertising matter, line by line,while during such time the auxiliary fields present the name of theadvertiser, such name disappearing and another name ap pearing when saidadvertisement has been completed and another is begun in the main groupof light fields. The auxiliary portion of the apparatus may be soassociated with the main portion of the apparatus as to be controlled bythe latter. This is the arrangement shown by the drawings.

The auxiliary apparatus has a stop-form belt which is the same in allrespectsas the stop-form belt in the main portion of the apparatus,excepting that it need not be so long (because it stands for a smallernumber of representations) and the teeth on the sides of said belt aremodified to become cogs for receiving a pinion at each side of the beltfor shifting the latter. The light fields are like those alreadydescribed and are located near, and preferably above, the latter. Andbetween the lamps of said light fields and stop-forms, the apparatus isthe same as in the main portion of the apparatus. The escapementmechanism of the main portion of the apparatus is omitted from theauxiliary portion of the apparatus and so are the electric motor and theparts associated therewith for controlling the flow of air to thepneumatic motors. In such auxiliary portion of the apparatus, the flowof air to the pneumatic motors is controlled by the stop-form belt ofthe main portion of the apparatus.

In the edges of the belt, D, are horizontal sockets, I spaced the sameas the teeth, D on said belt. Pins, 1 are set into said sockets (atpoints timed for changes in the representations of the auxiliary lightfields) and allowed to project into the path of a valve lever, 1 whichis connected with the plug of a vented valve, 1 said valve con necting apipe, 1 leading from a compressed air tank, and a pipe, 1, leading tothe pneumatic motor, 1 I

The pneumatic motor, C C C is the same in construction and relation andreceives air from a pipe, C as has already been described in connectionwith the main portion of the apparatus. In the pipe, C adjacent themotor, 1 I is a valve, 1 similar to the valve 1', and having an arm, 1which is drawn to the closed position by the contracting coiled spring,I. Said arm is in the path of an arm, P", which loosely surrounds arotatable shaft 1, and bears a pawl, I, which is set for engagement witha ratchet wheel, 1", rigidly surrounding said shaft adjacent said arm, 1Said pawl. is carried on one end of a piston rod, 1 the other end ofwhich rod is secured to a piston, 1 in the cylinder, 1 the ratchet teethof the ratchet wheel and said pawl being directed for engagement witheach other when said piston rod is driven outward from said cylinder. Asabove described, the pipe, 1 leads to said cylinder, so that the air isdriven into said cylinder whenever the valve, 1*, is opened. WVhen saidvalve is closed and vented, the piston in said cylinder is free to beretracted by a contracting spring, 1 lVhen the piston is driven forward,the arm, 1 is driven in the same direction and into engagement with thevalve arm, 1 the latter being driven out of the closed into the openposition. And in the path of sa d arm, 1 is also a valve arm, I, whichIS on a vented cut-off valve, 1 located in a pipe,

